Geopolitical Power Struggle and Security Dilemma in Strait of Hormuz: Implications on Saudi-Iran Rivalry and Regional Order

Abstract

This artefact explores the geopolitical power struggle and security dilemma in the Strait of Hormuz, emphasizing its impact on the Saudi-Iran rivalry and regional order. The Strait, through which approximately 21 million barrels of oil pass daily, is crucial for global energy supplies, making it a focal point for strategic interests. The historical, religious, and geopolitical rivalry between Iran and Saudi Arabia is examined, with key events such as the Iranian Revolution and the Iran-Iraq War shaping their competition. Both nations have heavily invested in military capabilities, contributing to an arms race and frequent security dilemmas. Incidents like the 2019 tanker attacks highlight the fragile security environment. The involvement of external powers like the United States, Russia, and China adds complexity to the regional dynamics. Utilizing the offshoots of neo-realism, Offensive and Defensive Realism, this study provides a nuanced understanding of the strategic behaviors of Iran and Saudi Arabia. The findings underscore the need for comprehensive policy measures, including dialogue mechanisms, confidence-building measures, multilateral security frameworks, and economic cooperation, to reduce tensions and promote stability in the Strait of Hormuz. Addressing these issues through multilateral cooperation is essential for ensuring long-term peace and stability in this critical region.